1. Working Principle and Classification of Shearing Machine

(1) آلة القص is widely used in various metal materials and is directly sheared according to different needs. It is mainly used in steel manufacturing, shipbuilding, automobile, container manufacturing, switch gear, machinery manufacturing and light industry.

(2) The shearing machine is driven by the hydraulic system to press the presser foot to press the steel plate, and the left and right cylinders drive the knife frame up and down. The upper blade on the tool holder and the lower blade fixed on the lower knife seat adopt reasonable blade clearance for various kinds. The thickness of the sheet metal is sheared to cause the sheet to break apart at the desired size.

(3) Shearing machine can be divided into two categories: hydraulic shearing machine and mechanical shearing machine according to its structural form. Because the mechanical shearing machine consumes a lot of energy and the noise exceeds the standard, the common one is mainly hydraulic shearing machine. Hydraulic shearing machine can be divided into two categories: hydraulic pendulum shearing machine and hydraulic gate shearing machine according to the tool path.

2. The Main Structure and Function of the Sshearing Machine

(1) Rack: The main mechanism of the shearing machine is concentrated on the mounting frame. The whole steel structure is welded, which has the characteristics of good rigidity and strong resistance to deformation.

(2)Tool holder: Fix the upper blade, connect with the hydraulic cylinder, do the up and down linear motion, transmit the shearing force, and realize the shearing machine work. In addition, the back gauge mechanism is also fixed on the tool holder for positioning of the shear sheet size.

(3) The rear material structure: fixed on the tool holder, including the rear material adjustment motor, micro-motion adjustment mechanism, rear baffle lifting mechanism, digital display device, transmission screw, guide rod and other mechanisms.

The back-stop motor is driven by the front and rear running buttons of the electric gear to drive the back-end material to run the lead screw, which drives the back-stop material to run back and forth to realize the cut-off of the sheet.

(4) Gap adjustment device: Adjust the gap between the upper and lower blades according to the material to be cut and the thickness of the plate to achieve the best shearing force, which can protect the life of the blade and ensure the product quality. Adjustment principle: generally adjusted according to the 10% gap value of the thickness of the material to be cut.

(5) Front carrier device: When the workpiece is used, in order to reduce the labor intensity of the operator, the device for holding the steel plate for the operator to feed is fixed on the workbench, and the side block device is fixed on the workbench. It is a device to ensure that the two sides of the sheet are perpendicular.

(6) Pressing device and safety protection device: In order to prevent the material from striking during the shearing process, the device used to compact the explosive material is also called the pressing material foot.

In the lower part of the front wall of the equipment, the fixed foot protection groove is mainly used to prevent personal injury caused by inadvertently extending into the lower part of the presser foot or the cutting edge area. 

(7) Electrical system of the machine: The electrical system of the machine is mainly to start the oil pump motor to drive the oil pump, to provide driving force to the hydraulic shearing machine, to provide control power, to control the motor mainly according to the operation command, to open the solenoid valve, the hydraulic drive tool holder Move up and down to achieve the purpose of cutting.

At the same time, the appliance controls the stroke of the tool holder, and the back gauge runs forward and backward, and the function of the line lamp is lit, the gap is increased, and the shear angle is adjusted.

(8)Hydraulic system of the machine: It consists of main oil pump, hydraulic system, hydraulic cylinder, pressure cylinder and hydraulic pipeline.

Hydraulic oil pumps primarily provide shear pressure to hydraulic equipment.

The hydraulic system mainly controls the system pressure and the direction of the hydraulic oil.

The hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the movement of the tool holder to realize the shearing function.

The presser foot mainly presses the workpiece to ensure the precision of the workpiece.

3. The Operation of the Sshearing Machine

(1) Preparation before operation

1) Wash the surface oil on each machine part, pay attention to the ball valve should be in the open position;

2) Injecting grease into each lubrication part;

3) Add N32-N46 conditioned hydraulic oil to the fuel tank (the oil must be filtered);

4) Ground the machine, turn on the power, and check the coordination of the actions of the various appliances;

5) Before driving, especially if the accumulator needs to be re-inflated, it must be checked whether the position of the ball head is centered.

(2) Machine operation

1) Start the machine operation for several cycles of empty running, and try to cut different thickness sheets (from thin to thick) under the condition of ensuring no abnormality;

2) Open the pressure gauge switch during shearing and observe the oil pressure value. If there is any abnormality, adjust the overflow valve to meet the specified requirements;

3) Adjust the blade gap to a suitable position according to the thickness of the plate;

4) Put the sheet material on the workbench and put it in place;

5) Adjust the back gauge plate to the appropriate position according to the size of the cut sheet;

6) Lightly push the steel plate to make the edge of the plate contact with the baffle plate, and the shearing size is good;

7) Press the foot switch to cut the short steel plate;

8) Repeat 4-6 to cut the next sheet;

9) After cutting a steel plate, repeat a 4-8 process;

10) Turn off the power after the work is completed, and carry out daily maintenance on the equipment.

(3) Precautions for shearing machine work:

1) Always check the blade gap, adjust the gap according to the thickness of different materials;

2) The knife edge must be kept sharp, and the surface to be cut is not allowed to have welds, air seam cuts and protruding burrs;

3) When adjusting the machine, it must be stopped to avoid personal and machine accidents;

4) If there is any abnormal noise or overheating of the fuel tank during operation, stop the vehicle immediately and check that the temperature of the fuel tank is ≤60 °C;

5) Do not cut the long and narrow sheets to avoid damage to the machine. The cut size of the narrowest sheet shall not be less than 40mm;

6) Note: The shear thickness of the shearing machine refers to the thickness of the material Q235 steel plate (shear strength 450Mpa), the tensile strength of the shearing material increases, the maximum shear thickness is correspondingly reduced, and the maximum thickness is 16mm. The maximum thickness of the shear Q345 plate is 13mm, and the maximum thickness of the Q235 steel plate is 8mm. The Q345 plate thickness is 6mm. The material thickness should be adjusted accordingly.

4. The Safety Operation of the Sshearing Mmachine

(1) It is strictly forbidden to remove the protective grille before the shearing machine to avoid personal injury accidents. If it is really necessary to remove the protective barrier work, it must be approved by the workshop leader, used under the supervision of someone, and should be restored immediately after use.

(2) After each trip must be completed, the foot will leave the foot switch to avoid unnecessary personal injury caused by misoperation.

(3) During the cutting process, it is strictly forbidden to stand behind the knife holder to prevent the small workpiece from flying out of the wound or the large workpiece sliding out to cause injury.

(4) When working in multiple people, you can operate after ensuring that others are in a safe position, so as not to cause harm to others.

(5) Operate the equipment in strict accordance with the equipment safety operation rules to avoid damage to the equipment.

(6) Operate the equipment in strict accordance with the process requirements, carefully check the size and actual size of the workpiece to avoid waste of raw materials for the company.

5. The maintenance of the shearing machine

(1) If the machine is not working properly during use, the power supply shutdown check should be cut off immediately.

(2) When adjusting the machine tool, the power must be cut off. When moving the workpiece, pay attention to the safety of the hand. The parts of the hydraulic shearing machine should be kept lubricated frequently. The operator should fill the lubricating oil once a week (gap adjustment device, rear block screw bar, tool post guide, etc.). Grease and grease should be removed before adding grease. ), every six months by the mechanic to fill the rolling bearing parts once;

(3) Often check the blade clearance, adjust the gap according to the thickness of different materials;

(4) The knife edge must be kept sharp, the surface to be cut is not allowed to have welding, gas cutting and protruding burrs;

(5) When adjusting the machine, it must be stopped to avoid personal and machine accidents;

(6) When the hydraulic shearing machine is operated, if abnormal noise or overheating of the mailbox is found, it should be stopped immediately and the temperature of the tank temperature is ≤60°C.

(7) Do not cut long and narrow sheets to avoid damage to the machine. The cut size of the narrowest sheet shall not be less than 40mm.