{"id":30925,"date":"2024-10-08T09:05:25","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T09:05:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.harsle.com\/?p=30925"},"modified":"2024-10-24T06:01:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T06:01:56","slug":"how-to-calculate-the-shearing-force","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.harsle.com\/ar\/how-to-calculate-the-shearing-force\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0664. \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0665. \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/a>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u062d\u0630\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0667. \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a: \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (F) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F = \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u060c kN)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T = \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L = \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S = \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c MPa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0628. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0651 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0661. \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u03c4) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u03c4 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635: \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0663. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629) \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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