Maîtriser la presse hydraulique : principes d'installation et de fonctionnement
UN presse hydraulique is a machine that uses hydraulic force to compress or shape materials, making it essential in various industrial applications. Understanding its installation and operating principles is crucial for efficient use and maintenance.
1. Working principle of presse hydraulique
The working principle of a hydraulic press relies on the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism. The motor drives the flywheel, which transmits power through the shaft and pinion to the large gear. The large gear, connected via a clutch, rotates the crankshaft, which in turn drives the connecting rod to move the slider. Both the stroke per minute and the motion curve of the slider remain constant. Structurally, the press consists of four main sections: the bed, working part, control part, and transmission part, with all components mounted on the bed. Hydraulic punch presses perform versatile sheet metal stamping tasks, including punching, bending, and shallow drawing.
2. Main components of hydraulic press
⑴Bed part: The bed and the worktable are cast iron parts
⑵Clutch: When the press is idle, the manipulator cam locks the tail of the turning key, ensuring the crescent block of the working part remains fully engaged in the crankshaft’s semicircular groove. In this state, the crankshaft idles while the slider stays at top dead center. During operation, the manipulator cam rotates slightly, releasing the turning key. Under spring force, the key turns about 45°, allowing the back of the working part to engage with one of the three circular grooves in the middle sleeve. The clutch then engages, transmitting motion from the flywheel to the crankshaft, driving the slider’s up-and-down stroke.
⑶Slider: In the slider, there is a pressure pedal type safety device under the ball bowl contacting the ball head of the adjusting screw to ensure that the press will not be damaged when overloaded. Open the square cover on the front to change the safety device.
⑷Brake band: An eccentric brake band is installed at the left end of the crankshaft. When the clutch is disengaged, it overcomes the inertia of the slider’s reciprocating motion and ensures that the crankshaft stops at the top dead center.
⑸Manipulator: The mechanism that controls the coupling and disengagement of the clutch when the manipulator is used. Switch the connecting position of the lever of the manipulator to obtain two actions of a single stroke and continuous stroke.
3. Installation of hydraulic press
⑴After the hydraulic punch is leveled, install the anchor bolts, and refill the concrete. After the concrete is completely solidified, evenly tighten the anchor bolt nuts, and then use a level to recalibrate the level of the workbench. The grounding wire should be properly connected.
⑵The hydraulic punch must be completely solidified before it can start working.
⑶After the hydraulic punch is installed, use kerosene to wash off the anti-rust grease on the surface of the hydraulic punch. When cleaning, be careful not to damage the painted surface. At the same time, clean the oil holes, oil channels, and oil marks, and keep them clean. Do not use metal when scrubbing Or emery cloth.
4. Principle of punch clutch:
It converts circular motion into linear motion. The main motor generates power to drive the flywheel, and the clutch drives the gear, crankshaft (or eccentric gear), connecting rod, etc., to achieve the linear motion of the slider, from the main motor to the connecting rod. For a circular motion. Between the connecting rod and the slider, there is a transition point for circular motion and linear motion. There are roughly two mechanisms in its design, one is ball type, the other is pin type (cylindrical type), through which the circular motion is Converted into linear motion of the slider.