Introduction of Punching Machine Structure

There are various types of punching machines, but due to the different structural principles, the price and processing effects will also change accordingly. Of course, even for different types of presses, there is always a commonality in the composition of the structure. This article introduces some common structures and parts of presses, and elaborates on their characteristics and parts to help you better understand and use the presses.

●Brief Structure

Upper mold: The upper mold is the upper part of the whole punching mold, i.e. the part of the punching mold installed on the press slide.

Upper mold holder: The upper mold holder is the uppermost plate part of the upper mold, which is close to the press slide when working and fixed to the press slide by the mold handle or directly.

Lower mold: The lower mold is the lower part of the whole mold, i.e. the part of the mold mounted on the press table.

Lower mold holder: The lower mold holder is the plate part of the bottom surface of the lower mold, which is fixed directly to the press table or to the pad during work.

Edge wall: The edge wall is the side wall of the edge of the mold hole for punching.

Edge slope: The edge slope is the slope of each side of the edge wall of the blanking mold hole.

Air cushion: The air cushion is a pop-up device powered by compressed air.

Reverse side pressure block: The reverse side pressure block is the part that supports the one-way force convex mold from the other side of the working surface.

Guide sleeve: guide sleeve is a tubular part that provides precise guidance for relative movement of upper and lower mold holders, mostly fixed in the upper mold holder and used in conjunction with the guide pillar fixed in the lower mold holder.

Guide plate: The guide plate is a plate with a precise sliding hole in the convex mold, used to ensure the mutual alignment of the convex mold and the concave mold, and to unload the material (pieces).

Guide pillar: guide pillar is a cylindrical part that provides precise guidance for relative movement of upper and lower mold holders, mostly fixed in the lower mold holder and used in conjunction with the guide sleeve fixed in the upper mold holder.

Guide pin: guide pin is a pin-shaped part that extends into the material hole to guide its position in the concave mold.

Guide plate mold: Guide plate is a mold that is guided by a guide plate, and the convex mold is not separated from the guide plate when the mold is used.

Guide plate: The guide plate is a plate shaped guiding part to guide the strip (strip, roll) material into the concave mold.

Guide pillar mold holder: The guide pillar mold holder is the mold holder where the guide pillar and guide sleeve slide against each other.

Punching mold: Punching mold is process equipment installed on the press for production of punched parts, and consists of two parts, upper and lower, which fit each other.

Convex mold: The convex mold is a convex part of the mold that directly forms the punched part, i.e., the part with the shape of the working surface.

Concave mold: The concave mold is a concave part of the mold that directly forms the punched part, i.e., the part with the inner shape of the working surface.

Protective plate: The protective plate is a plate part that prevents fingers or foreign objects from entering the dangerous area of death.

Pressing plate (circle): Pressing plate (circle) is a part of the mold used to hold down the stamping material or process parts to control the flow of material. In the deep-drawing mold, most of the pressing plates are called pressing circle.

Crimping tendon: Crimping tendon is a tendon-like protrusion used to control the material flow in the drawing mold or deep drawing mold, which can be a partial structure of the mold or crimping ring or a separate part set into the mold or crimping ring.

Pressed material threshold: pressed material threshold is the special name of the pressed material bar with rectangular cross section. See "pressure material tendon".

Material carrier plate: Material carrier plate is a plate part used to extend the upper plane of the concave mold to support the pressed material.

Continuous mold: A continuous mold is a mold with two or more stations where the material is fed into one station at a time with the press stroke so that the punched part is gradually formed.

Side edge: The side edge is a convex mold that cuts a feeding position notch in the side of the strip (strip, coil) material.

Side pressure plate: The side pressure plate is a plate part that exerts pressure on one side of the strip (strip, coil) material by means of a spring to make the other side close to the guide plate.

Top bar: The top bar is a rod-shaped part that directly or indirectly ejects the work (sequence) or scraps with upward action.

Top plate: The top plate is a plate part that moves in the concave mold or module to eject work (sequence) or scrap directly or indirectly by upward action.

Ring: The ring is a ring-shaped protrusion of teeth on the fine blanking mold or press plate with teeth, and is a partial structure of the mold or press plate with teeth rather than a separate part.

Limit sleeve: The limit sleeve is a tubular part used to limit the minimum closing height of the mold, and is usually set outside the guide pillar.

Limit column: Limit column is a column-shaped part to limit the minimum closing height of the mold.

Positioning pin (plate): Positioning pin (plate) is a part that ensures the constant position of the process parts in the mold, and is called positioning pin or positioning plate by its different shapes.

Fixed plate: Fixed plate is a plate part to fix the convex mold.

Fixed unloader plate: Fixed unloader plate is the unloader plate fixed on the mold in an immovable position.

Fixed stopper pin (plate): Fixed stopper pin (plate) is a stopper pin (plate) that is fixed in the mold.

Unloader: The unloader is a non-plate part or device that removes the work (sequence) from the outer surface of the mold.

Unloader plate: The unloader plate is a fixed or movable plate-shaped part that removes material or work pieces from the mold. The Unloading plate is sometimes made into one with the guide plate, and also plays the role of material guide, still called unloading plate.

Unloading screw: unloading screw is a screw fixed on the pop-up unloading plate, used to limit the static position of the pop-up unloading plate.

Single process mold: Single process molds is a mold that completes only one process in one stroke of the press.

Scrap cutter: There are two kinds of scrap cutters: 

1. cutter installed on the flange cutting edge mold for cutting off the whole circle of cutting edge scrap to facilitate removal; 

2. cutter installed on the press or mold for cutting off the strip (strip, roll) scrap according to the fixed length to facilitate removal.

Combination punching mold: Combination punching mold is a general and adjustable set of punching molds that form various punching parts step by step according to geometric elements (straight line, angle, arc, hole). The outline of a flat punching part generally requires several sets of combination molds to be punched in stages.

The starting stopper pin (plate): The starting stopper pin (plate) is a part for positioning when feeding the starting end of the material. The starting stop pins (plates) are mobile.

Piece: Piece is a complete concave mold, convex mold, unloading plate or fixed plate, etc.

Block (plate): block (plate) is for the side edge of the notched material feeding the hardened parts for positioning, and used to balance the side edge of the one-sided cutting force. Block (plate) is generally used in conjunction with the side edge.

Stopper pin (plate): stopper pin (plate) is the material along the feeding direction of the positioning parts, to its different shape and called stopper pin or stopper plate. The stopper pin (plate) is the collective name of fixed stopper pin (plate), movable stopper pin (plate), starting stopper pin (plate), etc.

Pad: Pad is a hardened plate part between the fixed plate (or concave mold) and the mold base, to reduce the unit compressive stress of the mold base.

● Detailed Structure

The mold on the press is the upper part of the mold, i.e. the part of the mold mounted on the press slide. The lower mold is the lower part of the mold, i.e. the part of the mold mounted on the press table. The lower mold holder is the plate part on the bottom side of the lower mold. The edge wall is the side wall of the punching mold hole edge. The slope of the edge is the slope of each side of the mold wall. The air cushion is a pop-up device powered by compressed air. The counter press is a part that supports the one-way stressed mold from the other side of the working surface.

Punching guide is a tubular part that provides precise guidance for the relative movement of the upper and lower mold holders, mostly fixed in the upper mold holder and used in conjunction with the guide pillar fixed in the lower mold holder. The guide pin is a pin-shaped part that is inserted into the material hole to guide its position in the concave mold. The guide plate is a mold that is guided by a guide plate, and the convex mold is not separated from the guide plate when the mold is in use. The guide plate is a plate shaped part that guides the strip (strip, roll) material into the concave mold. The guide post mold holder is the mold holder where the guide post and guide sleeve slide against each other.

Punching mold is the process equipment installed on the press for the production of punched parts and consists of two parts, upper and lower, which fit each other. The convex mold is the convex part of the mold that directly forms the punched part. The concave mold is the concave part of the mold that directly forms the punched part. A Protective plate is a plate to prevent fingers or foreign objects from entering the dangerous area of the mold. The press bar is a rib-like protrusion in a drawing mold or deep drawing mold to control the flow of material, and can be a partial structure of a concave mold or press ring. Pressing sill is a special name for the pressed bar with rectangular cross section. The plate is a plate used to extend the upper plane of the mold to support the pressed material.

The side edge of the press is a convex mold that cuts out a positioning notch on the side of the strip (strip, coil) material. The side pressure plate is a plate that applies pressure to one side of the strip (strip, coil) by means of a spring to bring the other side against the guide plate. The top bar is a bar that directly or indirectly ejects the work (sequence) or sequence material with an upward action. The top plate is a plate that moves inside the mold or module to eject the workpiece or scrap directly or indirectly with an upward motion. Limit sleeve is a tubular part used to limit the minimum closing height of the mold. A limit post is a post-shaped part that limits the minimum closing height of the mold.

Punch fixing plates is a plate that holds the mold. Fixed unloading plate is a plate that is fixed to the mold in an immovable position. The fixed stopper pin (plate) is a stopper pin that is fixed in the mold. Unloader is a non-plate part or device that removes the workpiece from the outer surface of the mold. The unloading screw is a screw that is fixed to the pop-up unloading plate.

Single process mold is a mold that completes only one process in one stroke of the press. There are two types of scrap cutters. Combination molds are universal, adjustable sets of molds that form various punching parts step by step according to geometric elements (straight line, angle, arc, hole). The outline of a flat punching part generally requires several sets of combination molds to be punched in stages. The starting stopper pin (plate) is a part for positioning when feeding the starting end of the material. Block is a complete concave mold, convex mold, unloading plate or fixed plate, etc. The block (plate) is generally used in conjunction with the side edge.

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