Working Principle and Classification of Shearing Machine

ⅠWorking principle and classification of shearing machine

1. Working principle

Shearing machine is widely used for direct shearing of various metal materials according to different needs. It is mainly used in steel manufacturing, shipbuilding, automobile, container manufacturing, switchgear, machinery manufacturing, and light industry.

The shearing machine is driven by the hydraulic system to press the pressing material to press the steel plate, and the left and right cylinders drive the tool holder to move up and down. The upper blade on the tool holder is fixed to the lower blade of the lower blade seat and adopts reasonable blade clearance and various thicknesses. The sheet metal is subjected to shearing forces to cause the sheet to break apart at the desired size.

●Shear Force Application: Shearing machines apply a force to the metal workpiece, usually through a blade or blades.

●Fracture: The force applied surpasses the metal's shear strength along a particular line, causing it to fracture.

●Cutting Action: The metal separates along the line of fracture, resulting in a clean cut.

2. Classification:

⑴Based on Method of Applying Force

Mechanical Shearing Machines: These use mechanical force, often applied through a flywheel and crank mechanism, to shear the metal.

Hydraulic Shearing Machines: They use hydraulic systems to generate the force needed for shearing. These machines offer greater control and power.

⑵Based on Type of Motion

Guillotine Shears: These shears have a moving blade that descends vertically to cut the metal. They are common for straight cuts.

Lever Shears: Also known as lever-action shears, these use a lever mechanism to apply force for cutting. They are suitable for smaller-scale cutting operations.

Power Shears: These are motorized shearing machines that offer automated cutting processes, increasing efficiency and accuracy.

⑶Based on Cutting Method

Continuous Shearing Machines: These machines are designed for continuous cutting of metal strips or coils, often used in industries like steel manufacturing.

Hand Shears: Simple hand-operated shears used for manual cutting tasks or in small workshops.

Ⅱ The main structure and function of the shearing machine.

1. Rack: The main mechanism of the shearing machine is fully installed on the frame, and the whole steel structure is welded, which has the characteristics of good rigidity and strong deformation resistance.

2. Tool holder: fixed upper blade, connected with hydraulic cylinder, do up and down linear motion, transmit shear force, realize shearing work. In addition, the back gauge mechanism is also fixed to the tool holder for positioning of the shear plate size.

3. Back gauge mechanism: fixed on the tool holder, including back gauge adjusting motor, micro-motion adjusting mechanism, tailgate lifting mechanism, a digital display device, transmission screw, guide rod, and other mechanisms.

The back-stop motor is driven by the front and rear running buttons of the electric gear to drive the back-end material to run the lead screw, and the rear baffle plate is driven to run forward and backward to realize the cut-off of the sheet.

4. Gap adjustment device: Adjust the gap between the upper and lower blades according to the shear material and the plate thickness to achieve the best shearing force, which can protect the life of the blade and ensure the product quality.

Adjustment principle: generally adjusted according to the 10% gap value of the thickness of the material to be cut.

5. Front loading device: In order to reduce the labor intensity of the operator during operation, the device for carrying the steel plate is convenient for the operator to feed. Fixed on the workbench, and fixed on the workbench is also a side stop device, which is to ensure that the two sides of the cut sheet are vertical.

6. Pressing device, safety guard: In order to prevent the material from striking during the shearing process, the device used for pressing is also called the presser foot.

On the lower part of the front wall of the equipment, the fixed protective fence is mainly used to prevent personal injury caused by inadvertently extending into the lower part of the presser foot or the cutting edge.

7. The electrical system of the machine: the electrical system of the machine mainly starts the oil pump motor to drive the oil pump, provides the driving force to the hydraulic machine, provides the control power, and controls the electric appliance mainly according to the operation instruction, turns on the electromagnetic valve, and the oil pump drives the knife frame up and down to achieve the cutting purpose. 

At the same time, the tool holder travels electrically. The back gauge moves back and forth, the gap increases and the shear angle adjustment function.

8. The hydraulic system of the machine: consists of the main oil pump, hydraulic system, hydraulic cylinder, pressure cylinder, hydraulic line and so on.

Hydraulic oil pumps primarily provide shear pressure to hydraulic equipment.

The hydraulic system mainly controls the system pressure and the direction of the hydraulic oil.

The press cylinder is used to drive the tool holder to realize the shearing function.

The presser foot mainly presses the workpiece to ensure the precision of the workpiece.