Principle And Maintenance of Hydraulic Shearing Machine
In my journey through the world of metalworking, I’ve gained valuable insights into the principle and maintenance of hydraulic shearing machines. These machines play a crucial role in efficiently cutting sheet metal with precision and speed. Understanding their operating principles not only enhances my appreciation for their engineering but also highlights the importance of regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity. In this article, I’ll share the key principles behind hydraulic shearing machines and practical maintenance tips I’ve learned to keep them running smoothly and effectively in any workshop environment.
Table of Contents
1.Hydraulic Shearing Machine Picture
2.Introduction
Cutting is the process of cutting a sheet into strips, or blocks before the production of the coil.
Schematic diagram of the cutting process
1—upper blade; 2—sheets; 3—lower blade
3. The Sheet Material is Sheared And Separated And Deformed Under the Action of the Upper and Lower Scissors of the Shearing Machine
● When the shearing is performed, the scissors are fixed, the upper scissors move downwards, and when the cutting starts, the upper scissors blade presses the sheet, and a pair of shearing force F and corresponding torque Fd force the sheared sheet to rotate, but will be subjected to the rotation process. The side of the scissors blocks the pair of side thrusts FT and the corresponding moment FTc in the other plane of the scissors.
The direction prevents the rotation of the sheet. When the shear starts, the sheet angle increases with the increase of the indentation depth. And the torque FTc also increases, so the cutting edge is pressed to a certain depth and there is Fd = FTc, then the sheared material will not rotate until it is sheared under the shear force.
● This type of equipment for shearing sheets is called a shearing machine.
4.Typical structure of the shearing machine
Ordinary shearing machine generally consists of the fuselage, transmission system, tool holder, presser, front block, rear block, feeding device, blade gap adjustment device, lighting line device, lubrication device, electrical control device, etc. The main components of which are structured as follows.
a)Guillotine shearing machine b) Forward tilting shearing machine c)、d)swing shearing machine
1—metal sheet 2—presser 3—upper blade 4—back gauge device 5—lower blade
5.Typical structure of the shearing machine – the fuselage
The fuselage is generally composed of left and right columns, work tables, beams and the like.
The fuselage is divided into a casting combination structure and an overall welded structure.
Casting assembly structure fuselage mostly uses castings, and the components are connected together by studs and pins.
The structure of this fuselage is heavy, the rigidity is poor, and the machining work of the joint surface is also large.
Compared with the casting structure, the overall welded structure has the advantages of lighter body quality, good rigidity and easy processing.
At present, the fuselage with integrated steel plate welded structure is increasing.
6.The Usage Point
⑴The thickness, material properties and shape of the shear sheet should be coordinated with the shearing method and shearing equipment, and it must not be violated.
⑵Before cutting, adjust the gap of the blade according to the thickness of the sheet and check if the cutting edge is sharp.
⑶Adjust the material blocking device according to the size of the shearing plate. After the test is passed, tighten the screws and check and adjust them in batch production.
⑷Before using the shearing machine, check the clutch, brakes and safety devices of the machine are normal.
⑸In the case of multi-person operation, it is necessary to coordinate and comply with the safe operating procedures.
Shearing Machine Working Principle
After shearing, the shearing machine should ensure the straightness and parallelism of the sheared surface of the sheared sheet, and minimize the distortion of the sheet to replace the workpiece. The upper blade of the shearing machine is fixed on the tool holder, and the lower blade is fixed on the work table. A support ball is mounted on the workbench so that the sheet is not scratched when it slides over it.
The back gauge is used for sheet positioning and the position is adjusted by the motor. The press cylinder is used to compress the sheet to prevent the sheet from moving during shearing. The guardrail is a safety device to prevent accidents. The return journey is generally based on nitrogen, which is fast and has a small impact.
