Views: 71 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-05-18 Origin: Site
Spring is a mechanical part that uses elasticity to work. Parts made of elastic materials deform under the action of external force, and return to their original shape after the external force is removed. Also known as "spring". Generally made of spring steel. The types of springs are complex and diverse. According to the shape, there are mainly coil springs, scroll springs, leaf springs, special-shaped springs, etc.
F=kx, F is the elastic force, k is the stiffness coefficient, and x is the length of the spring. Example 1: When a spring with a stiffness coefficient of 100N/m is pulled with a force of 5N, the spring is stretched by 5cm. Example 2: When a spring is subjected to a tensile force of 10N, the total length is 7cm, and when it is subjected to a tensile force of 20N, the total length is 9cm, find the force when the original length and elongation are 3cm?
According to the nature of the force, springs can be divided into tension springs, compression springs, torsion springs and bending springs. According to the shape, they can be divided into disc springs, ring springs, leaf springs, coil springs, truncated cone scroll springs and torsion bar springs, etc. , According to the production process, it can be divided into cold coil springs and hot coil springs. Ordinary cylindrical springs are the most widely used because of their simple manufacture, various types of springs according to the load conditions, and simple structure. Generally speaking, the manufacturing materials of springs should have high elastic limit, fatigue limit, impact toughness and good heat treatment performance. Commonly used are carbon spring steel, alloy spring steel, stainless spring steel and copper alloy, nickel alloy and rubber. Wait. The manufacturing methods of springs include cold rolling and hot rolling. The diameter of the spring wire is less than 8 mm, and the cold rolling method is generally used, and the hot rolling method is used for the spring wire larger than 8 mm. Some springs are subjected to strong pressure or shot peening after being made, which can improve the bearing capacity of the spring.
1. The torsion spring is a spring that bears torsional deformation, and its working part is also tightly wound into a spiral. The end structure of the torsion spring is a torsion arm machined into various shapes, not a shackle.
2. The extension spring is a coil spring that bears the axial tension. When not under load, the coils of the tension spring are generally tight and there is no gap between the coils.
3. The compression spring is a coil spring that bears axial pressure. The cross-section of the material used is mostly circular, and it is also made of rectangular and multi-strand steel. The spring is generally of equal pitch. The shape of the compression spring is: cylindrical Shape, conical, convex and concave shape and a small amount of non-circular shape, etc., there will be a certain gap between the rings of the compression spring, when the spring is subjected to external load, the spring shrinks and deforms, and the deformation energy is stored.
4. Progressive spring, this kind of spring adopts the design of inconsistent thickness and density. The advantage is that when the pressure is not large, it can absorb the ups and downs of the road surface through the part with lower elastic coefficient to ensure the riding comfort. When the pressure increases to After a certain degree, the thicker part of the spring plays the role of supporting the body, and the disadvantage of this kind of spring is that the control experience is not direct and the accuracy is poor.
5. Linear spring, the thickness and density of the linear spring from top to bottom are unchanged, and the elastic coefficient is a fixed value. The spring of this design can make the vehicle obtain a more stable and linear dynamic response, which is beneficial to the driver to better control the vehicle. It is mostly used for performance-oriented modified vehicles and competitive vehicles. The disadvantage is of course that the comfort is affected.
6. Short springs Short springs are shorter and thicker than the original springs. The installation of short springs can effectively reduce the center of gravity of the body, reduce the roll generated during cornering, make cornering more stable and smooth, and improve the cornering of the vehicle road handling.
Due to the limitation of product structure, multi-strand springs generally have the characteristics of high strength and good performance. The material is required to guarantee the final performance in terms of spring strength and toughness. During the processing of multi-strand springs, it should be noted that:
1. According to the product requirements, the support ring can choose two methods: cold and hot. It is not allowed to heat the spring until it sparks or turns white, and the temperature of the silicon-manganese steel shall not be higher than 850℃. The support ring and the effective ring should be in effective contact, and the gap should not exceed 10% of the nominal gap between the rings.
2. The characteristics of the multi-strand spring can be determined by adjusting the lead, and the cable distance can be adjusted when winding. The screw distance can be 3~14 times the diameter of the steel wire, but generally 8~13 times is better. The spring force is also closely related to the free height, the end ring, the outer diameter and the performance of the steel wire, which can be changed by adjusting one or more of them.
3. Springs without support rings and springs with too thin wire diameter should not be welded with spring heads, but the wire ropes at the ends should not have obvious looseness and should be deburred.
4. The surface treatment of the spring is generally phosphating, and other treatments are also possible. When the coating is zinc and cadmium, the hydrogen removal treatment should be carried out after electroplating. After the hydrogen removal, 3% should be pumped for retesting and standing treatment, and there should be no breakage during the retesting.
5. The compression time of important springs is 24 hours, and the compression time of ordinary springs is 6 hours or 3 to 5 times continuously, and each time is kept for 3 to 5 seconds. When pressing, the gap between the spring and the mandrel should be 10% of the diameter of the mandrel. If the gap is too small, it will be difficult to operate, and if the gap is too large, the spring will easily be bent and deformed.
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