Hydraulic Machine Typical Structure

The typical hydraulic press machine mechanism mainly includes three-beam four-column type, double-column pull-down type, frame type and single-arm type, among which three-beam four-column hydraulic press is the common form of general-purpose hydraulic machine.

The structure of the 300 three-beam four-column hydraulic machine is shown in the figure. It consists of an upper beam, a lower beam, four columns and 16 inner and outer nuts to form a closed frame. The frame is subjected to the full working load. The working cylinder is fixed on the upper beam, and the working cylinder has a working plunger connected to the movable beam.

The movable beam is guided by 4 columns and reciprocates between the upper and lower beams. An upper anvil is fixed under the movable beam, and the lower anvil is fixed on the workbench with the lower beam. When the high-pressure liquid enters the working cylinder, a large pressure is generated on the plunger, and the plunger, the movable beam, the upper anvil and the upper anvil are pushed downward to cause plastic deformation of the workpiece between the upper and lower anvils. At the same time, the return movement is realized after the work is completed.

The Main Components of the 3-beam 4-column Hydraulic Press Are:

1. Column: The column is the main support member of the frame and the main force-receiving member, and is also the guide member of the movable beam. Therefore, the column has the requirement of high strength, rigidity and precision. The materials used in the column, the structural dimensions, the manufacturing quality and the connection with the beam, the degree of preloading, etc. all have a great influence on the working performance and even the service life of the hydraulic machine.

The column is usually made of the following materials: 35 steel, 45 steel, 40Cr, 20MnV, 20MnSiMo, and the like.

2. Beam: The beam includes the upper beam, the lower beam and the movable beam, which are important parts of the hydraulic machine. Due to the large outline size of the beam, in order to save metal and reduce weight, a hollow box-shaped structure is generally formed, and a supporting plate is added in the middle. Carrying a large place to help board the secret. In order to improve the rigidity and reduce the local stress, the auxiliary plate is generally distributed in a square or radial shape, and is formed into a cylindrical shape at a place where various cylinders, plungers and columns are installed, so that the rigidity of the annular supporting surface is as uniform as possible. And use the living plate and the outer wall to connect with each other.

The beam has two kinds of casting structure and welded structure. The beam of the medium and small hydraulic machine with large batch size is cast iron or cast steel. In recent years, the welding structure is increasing, and the material is generally Q235 or 16Mn steel.

The medium and small hydraulic machine beams are mostly monolithic structures, while the large hydraulic machine beams are often designed and combined due to manufacturing and transportation capabilities, and are connected by means of keys and tension bolts.

The structure of the upper beam is as shown in the figure. According to the general empirical formula, the casting frame of the upper beam is generally 0.4-0.8 times of the span of the beam. Here, the height of the beam is h=690mm, and the wall thickness of the casting box is d=40mm. The thickness of the plate is d=40mm.

3. Correlation calculation of the movable beam

The movable beam structure is shown in the figure. The height of the movable beam is generally 0.3-0.5 times of the span of the box. Here, the height of the movable beam box is 450mmh, the wall thickness of the movable beam casting box is a=40mm, and the thickness of the supporting plate is b. =40mm.